Kazakhstan joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2015 and became a founding member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2014, alongside Russia and Belarus. The EAEU promotes economic integration and free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor among its members, with its regulations taking precedence over national laws. Since joining the Customs Union in 2010, Kazakhstan has increased its average import tariffs and introduced tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) on poultry, beef, and pork, though it has also reduced over 3,500 tariffs in line with WTO commitments.
To address concerns from U.S. exporters, Kazakhstan revised its TRQ allocation process to improve transparency. The country has also taken steps to prevent the re-export of goods imported at lower WTO rates to other EAEU states. Kazakhstan is a signatory of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with CIS countries, accessible via the WTO’s database of Regional Trade Agreements. As an EAEU member, Kazakhstan is also party to EAEU FTAs with Vietnam and Serbia. In 2019, Kazakhstan ratified an interim agreement to form a free trade area between Iran and the EAEU, joined the EAEU agreement on comprehensive trade cooperation with Singapore, and entered into the agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the EAEU and China, which came into force in October 2019. The agreement with China provides a legal framework for trade and industrial cooperation between China and the EAEU as a unified entity.