Kazakhstan has significantly modernized its customs system in recent years, aligning more closely with international standards and responding to shifting geopolitical dynamics. Since adopting the unified customs code of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2010 and abolishing internal borders in 2011, the country has introduced major reforms to streamline trade. In 2024, Kazakhstan launched the “Keden” IT platform, replacing the older “Astana-1” system. Developed with infrastructure support from Dell Inc., this new system enhances electronic customs declarations, integrates risk management tools, and reduces processing times. The platform supports preliminary electronic classification, shortened review periods for goods, and simplified procedures for authorized economic operators, making it easier for compliant businesses to navigate customs.

In response to global sanctions and trade compliance concerns, Kazakhstan has tightened export controls, particularly since 2023. The government banned the export of 106 categories of goods to Russia, including dual-use items, and increased scrutiny of shipments that could be rerouted to sanctioned destinations. Customs duties on imports from third countries range from zero percent to 40 percent, with exemptions for goods from EAEU members and WTO-aligned rates for domestic use. 

The country also maintains tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) for poultry, beef, and pork, and requires export licenses for strategic goods such as precious metals, encrypted technologies, and cultural artifacts. The ATA Carnet system, introduced recently, facilitates duty-free temporary imports and exports for specific goods, supporting trade in exhibitions, professional equipment, and commercial samples.

Despite these advancements, U.S. firms operating in Kazakhstan continue to face challenges. These include the requirement for “transaction passports” for document processing and bank transfers, mandatory use of licensed customs brokers, and costly temporary warehousing rules that can delay shipments. While foreign citizens can now import goods without a local broker, electronic declarations still often require compatible software or broker assistance. Kazakhstan’s inclusion in the FinCEN and BIS joint alert highlights the need for heightened vigilance in export controls, especially for sensitive goods like aircraft parts, GPS systems, and oilfield equipment. These developments underscore Kazakhstan’s dual focus on trade facilitation and compliance with international norms.