Despite the TL’s devaluation and the ongoing effects of the pandemic, Turkey’s e-commerce market is growing at significantly higher rates than previous years. Following a record breaking year of 90% growth in 2019, the eCommerce market grew an additional 30% in 2020 and again in 2021, reaching $42.9B . Virtual market places are among the fastest growing e-commerce sites in Turkey. Turkish e-commerce sites like Trendyol, Hepsiburada, and Getir have expanded significantly over the last several years. Istanbul has consequently been ranked among the top 20 of the world’s 100 best ecosystems for startups in the e-commerce and gaming sectors.