Foreign Retaliations Timeline
Several countries have imposed retaliatory tariffs on specific exports from the United States. These actions are in response to the WTO large civil aircraft dispute settlement case; Section 232 trade actions on steel and aluminum imports; the Section 301 trade action concerning China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation; Executive Order 14195 on Imposing Duties to Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China; Executive Order 14193 on Imposing Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border; and Executive Order 14257 on Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment.
This Foreign Retaliation Timeline offers a detailed history of retaliatory measures in effect by country.
For more information on foreign retaliatory tariffs on specific imports from the United States, please visit our main page on foreign retaliations.
To see a searchable database of products subject to foreign government retaliatory tariffs, please visit the Foreign Retaliations Database.
WTO Dispute Settlement Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The European Union | In November 2020, the EU implemented tariffs on 141 products worth $4 billion due to the longstanding large civil aircraft WTO case. | The EU’s Press Announcement | Annex 1: 15% Tariffs Annex 2: 25% Tariffs | November 10, 2020* *In a joint statement with the U.S. on June 15, 2021, the EU announced a five- year suspension of this action. |
| The United Kingdom | In November 2020, the EU implemented tariffs on 141 products worth $4 billion due to the longstanding large civil aircraft WTO case. The UK left the EU on January 1, 2021. | The UK’s Press Announcement | In a joint statement with the U.S. on June 17, 2021, the UK announced a five- year suspension of this action. |
Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The European Union | In June 2018, The EU announced retaliatory tariffs in two groups (Annexes 1 and 2). Tariffs on Annex 1 (182 products) went into effect in June 2018. Tariffs on Annex 2 (158 products) were scheduled to go into effect in 2021 if no settlement was reached. On April 6, 2020, the EU Announced additional retaliatory tariffs on three products in response to the U.S. addition of derivative products to the 232 trade action. Per the October 31, 2021, U.S.-EU arrangement on steel and aluminum trade, the EU suspended retaliatory tariffs for this action. On March 11, 2025, in response to the resumption of U.S. tariffs, the EU said it would allow the suspensions to expire on April 1. Tariffs were later postponed until mid April. | The EU’s Announcement to the WTO
| Annex 1: 10%, 25% Tariffs | June 20, 2018* |
| Annex 2: 10%-50% Tariffs | December 1, 2021* | |||
| EU 2020 Regulation | 4.4%-20% Tariffs | May 8, 2020 and February 8, 2023*
*All suspended as of October 31, 2021 | ||
| China | In April 2018, China responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory countermeasures. | China’s Announcement to the WTO | 15%,25% Tariffs | March 23, 2018 |
| India | In June 2018, India responded to U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory tariff measures. On July 13, 2023, India notified the WTO of a mutually agreed solution with the U.S. to remove retaliatory tariffs on certain agriculture goods. | India’s Announcement to the WTO | 10% - 50% Tariffs | May 18, 2018* *Mutually agreed solution removed retaliatory tariffs on certain agriculture goods |
| Russia | In August 2018, Russia responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate countermeasures in effect until US tariffs are lifted. | Russia’s Announcement to the WTO | 25%, 30%, 40% Tariffs | August 6, 2018 |
| Turkey | In June 2018, Turkey responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate countermeasures in effect until US tariffs are lifted. | Turkey’s Announcement to the WTO | 5%- 35% Tariffs | June 21, 2018 |
| The United Kingdom | In January 2021, the UK separated from the EU. The UK carried over the retaliatory tariffs originally implemented by the EU in June 2018. Per the March 22, 2022 U.S.-UK arrangement on steel and aluminum trade, the UK suspended retaliatory tariffs for this action. | The UK’s Press Announcement | 10%, 25% Tariffs | January 1, 2021*
*Suspended as of March 22, 2022 |
| Canada | In March, 2025, Canada responded to US tariffs on steel and aluminum with immediate retaliatory countermeasures. | Canada’s Announcement | 25% Tariffs | March 13, 2025 |
Section 301 Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | China responded to US Section 301 List 1 tariffs in April 2018 with a two-part list of countermeasures. This list was later expanded with an increase in some tariffs in July 2018. | List 1 | 15%, 25% Tariffs | April 18, 2018 |
| List 1 (revised) | 25% Tariffs | July 6, 2018 | ||
| China | China responded to additional US Section 301 List 2 tariffs with an additional two-part list of countermeasures in June 2018. This list was later expanded in August 2018. | List 2 | 25% Tariffs | June 16, 2018 |
| List 2 (revised) | 25% Tariffs | August 23, 2018 | ||
| China | China responded to additional US Section 301 List 3 tariffs with a four-part list of countermeasures in September 2018. The tariff levels on this list were first revised in September 2018, and then further revised again in June 2019. | List 3 | 25%, 20%, 10%, 5% Tariffs | September 24, 2018 |
| List 3 (revised) | 10%, 5% Tariffs | September 24, 2018 | ||
| List 3 (revised) | 25%, 20%, 10%, 5% Tariffs | June 1, 2019 | ||
| China | China responded to US Section 301 List 4 tariffs with an additional two-part list of countermeasures in September 2019. This list was later expanded in February 2020. | List 4 | 10%, 5% Tariffs | September 1, 2019 |
| List 4 (revised) | 5%, 2.5% Tariffs | February 15, 2020 |
Executive Order 14195 on Imposing Duties to Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China Retaliations
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | China responded to U.S. tariffs with retaliatory tariffs on a list of 80 products. | List 1 | 10-15% Tariffs | February 10, 2025 |
| Following the U.S. tariff increase on March 4, 2025, China announced a second list of 740 products subject to retaliatory tariffs. | List 2 | 10 - 15% Tariffs | March 10, 2025 |
Executive Order 14193 on Imposing Duties to Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | On February 1, 2025, Canada announced retaliatory tariffs on a list of 1,256 products. | Canada’s Announcement | 25% Tariffs | March 4, 2025 |
Executive Order 14257 on Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates to Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment
| Country | Announcement Description | Official Announcement Source | Retaliatory Action | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | On April 9, 2025, China announced retaliatory tariffs on all products from the United States. The tariff rate was increased to 125 percent in an announcement on April 11. | 84% Tariffs increasing to 125% on April12 | April 10, 2025 and April 12, 2025 |
Disclaimer
The information set forth above regarding foreign retaliatory measures has been provided as a public service for general reference. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information presented is complete and accurate as of April 11, 2025. The information will be updated as new developments occur.
The actual tariff classification and assessment of duties are determined by customs authorities in the relevant foreign country. Moreover, countries may elect to increase tariffs or otherwise amend tariff treatment at any time. For definitive guidance, parties should contact the government customs agency in the appropriate foreign country.